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Article Dans Une Revue International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems Année : 2017

Modelling the dynamics of virus infection and immune response in space and time

Résumé

Spreading of viral infection in the tissues such as lymph nodes or spleendepends on virus multiplication in the host cells, their transport andon the immune response. Reaction–diffusion systems of equations withdelays in proliferation and death terms of the immune cells represent anappropriate model to study this process. The properties of the immuneresponse and the initial viral load determine the regimes of infectionspreading. In the proposed model, the proliferation rate of the immunecells is represented by a bell-shaped function of the virus concentrationwhich increases for small concentrations and decreases if the concentrationis sufficiently high. Here we use such a model system to show that aninfection can be completely eliminated or it can remain present togetherwith a decreased concentration of immune cells. Finally, immune cellscan be completely exhausted leading to a high virus concentration in thetissue. In addition, we predicted two novel regimes of infection dynamicsnot observed before. Infection propagation in the tissue can occur asa superposition of two travelling waves: first wave propagates as a lowlevel infection front followed by a high level infection front with a smallerspeed of propagation. Both of the travelling waves can have a positive or anegative speed corresponding to infection advancement or retreat. Theseregimes can be accompanied by instabilities and the emergence of complexspatiotemporal patterns.
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Dates et versions

hal-01578907 , version 1 (30-08-2017)

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G Bocharov, A Meyerhans, N Bessonov, S Trofimchuk, Vitaly Volpert. Modelling the dynamics of virus infection and immune response in space and time. International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2017, ⟨10.1080/17445760.2017.1363203⟩. ⟨hal-01578907⟩
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