Impact of urban pollution on freshwater biofilms: Oxidative stress, photosynthesis and lipid responses
Résumé
Urban ecosystems are subjected to multiple anthropogenic stresses, which impact aquatic communities. Artificial
light at night (ALAN) for instance can significantly alter the composition of algal communities as well as the
photosynthetic cycles of autotrophic organisms, possibly leading to cellular oxidative stress. The combined effects of ALAN and chemical contamination could increase oxidative impacts in aquatic primary producers,
although such combined effects remain insufficiently explored. To address this knowledge gap, a one-month
experimental approach was implemented under controlled conditions to elucidate effects of ALAN and dodecylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (DDBAC) on aquatic biofilms. DDBAC is a biocide commonly used in
virucidal products, and is found in urban aquatic ecosystems. The bioaccumulation of DDBAC in biofilms exposed
or not to ALAN was analyzed. The responses of taxonomic composition, photosynthetic activity, and fatty acid
composition of biofilms were examined. The results indicate that ALAN negatively affects photosynthetic yield
and chlorophyll production of biofilms. Additionally, exposure to DDBAC at environmental concentrations induces lipid peroxidation, with an increase of oxylipins. This experimental study provides first insights on the
consequences of ALAN and DDBAC for aquatic ecosystems. It also opens avenues for the identification of new
biomarkers that could be used to monitor urban pollution impacts in natural environments.
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